A review on polymeric nanocomposites for the electrochemical sensing of breast cancer biomarkers

Breast cancer is a rapidly spreading disease and early detection of associated biomarkers in body fluids, particularly blood, is crucial. Electrochemical biosensors, known for their high sensitivity, selectivity, cost-effectiveness, and miniaturization potential, have emerged as a promising tool for breast cancer screening. This review article focuses on the integration of polymers and nanosized objects to enhance the performance of electrochemical biosensors in analyzing breast cancer biomarkers in serum samples, breast cancer cell lysates, and tumor tissues. Recent developments in this field have demonstrated the significant benefits of these sensors, including improved sensitivity and selectivity. By incorporating nanocomposites into the electrochemical sensing interface, signal amplification is achieved, resulting in enhanced detection limits and accuracy. The use of different dimensionalities of nanomaterials (0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D nanostructured interfaces) in polymer-based nanocomposites has further contributed to the development of sensors with unique properties for sensitive and rapid detection. The potential of electrochemical biosensors based on polymer nanocomposites to revolutionize disease management lies in their ability to enable user-friendly breast cancer screening and facilitate early detection. However, there are still limitations that need to be addressed, and further research is required to optimize the performance of these sensors. The article also discusses the future perspectives and real-world applications of electrochemical biosensors based on polymer nanocomposites while considering the challenges that lie ahead.