Comparative Study of Pulpal Responses to Pulpotomy with ProRoot MTA, RetroMTA, and TheraCal in Dogs' Teeth

Introduction This study was conducted to evaluate and compare pulpal responses to ProRoot MTA (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK), RetroMTA (Meta Biomed Co, Ltd, Seoul, Korea), and TheraCal (Bisco Inc, Schamburg, IL) in dog partial pulpotomy models. Methods Partial pulpotomies were performed on 60 beagle teeth. The exposed pulp tissues were randomly capped with either ProRoot MTA (n = 15), RetroMTA (n = 15), TheraCal (n = 15), or interim restorative material as a negative control (n = 15). After 4 weeks, the teeth were extracted and processed for histologic and immunohistochemical examinations using osteocalcin and dentin sialoprotein. Calcific barrier formation, inflammatory reaction, and the odontoblastic layer were evaluated and scored in a blind manner. The areas of newly formed calcific barriers were measured for each group. Results In most of the ProRoot MTA and RetroMTA specimens, continuous calcific barriers were formed, and the pulps contained palisading patterns in the odontoblastic layer that were free of inflammation. However, the TheraCal specimens had lower quality calcific barrier formation, extensive inflammation, and less favorable odontoblastic layer formation. Overall, areas of newly formed calcific barrier were higher in the ProRoot MTA and RetroMTA specimens than in the TheraCal specimens. Also, immunohistochemistry revealed that osteocalcin and dentin sialoprotein were more clearly visible in the ProRoot MTA and RetroMTA specimens than in the TheraCal specimens. Conclusions RetroMTA could provide an alternative to ProRoot MTA. Both materials produced favorable pulpal responses that were similar in nature, whereas TheraCal produced less favorable pulpal responses.