Effects of Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) on Endosinus Bone Regeneration Following Sinus Floor Elevation: An Experimental In Vivo Pilot Study

Objective: To determine the effect of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) on endosinus bone regeneration in a rabbit sinus model at sequential healing time points. Materials and Methods: Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits were used. Bilateral sinus floor elevation (SFE) was performed. Two groups were randomly assigned to each sinus: (1) test group, in which SFE was performed using collagenated bone substitute material soaked with PDRN (concentration 2.0 mg/mL, dose 0.5 mL), and (2) control group, in which SFE was performed using collagenated bone substitute material only. The experimental animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks (n = 6 at each healing time point). Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), histologic, and histomorphometric analyses were performed. Results: The micro-CT analysis revealed statistically significant increases in the mineralized tissue volume between 4 and 8 weeks (p < 0.05). Histologically, no specific intergroup difference was found in the pattern of new bone formation. Histomorphometrically, the area of newly formed bone (NB) was larger in the test group than in the control group at all healing time points (1.4 vs. 1.2 mm² at 2 weeks, 3.4 vs. 1.9 mm² at 4 weeks, and 5.7 vs. 4.5 mm² at 8 weeks; median value), but the difference was statistically significant only at 4 weeks (p < 0.05). NB in set regions of interest (ROI_C, ROI_W, and ROI_M) tended to be greater in the test group than in the control group without statistical significance (p > 0.05). Conclusions: PDRN appeared to enhance new bone formation at all healing time points, but the improvement was statistically significant only at 4 weeks.