Enhanced efficiency and stability of Si-based solar cells using a doped-graphene/LaVO₃/porous Si/BCP structure

Porous Si (PSi) significantly enhances solar light absorption due to its porous structure, while the LaVO₃ active layer strongly absorbs light across the ultraviolet to the visible spectrum. Additionally, the bathocuproine (BCP) layer improves cell efficiency by minimizing recombination losses at the silicon interface. The (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)-amide-doped graphene (TFSA-Gr) transparent conductive electrode further enhances this configuration with its high electrical conductivity and transparency. Therefore, we fabricated a TFSA-Gr/LaVO₃/PSi/Si/BCP structure to improve the efficiency and durability of Si-based solar cells. This advanced design achieved a maximum power conversion efficiency of 14.46 % and demonstrated remarkable durability by maintaining 92 % of its efficiency after 2000 h under conditions of 60 °C/40 % relative humidity. These results highlight the potential of this approach to significantly enhance the performance and extend the lifetime of Si-based solar cells for future photovoltaic applications.