Exploring the Cognitive Attributes of Visual Texture in Architectural Materials-Focused on the Vein, Grain, Pattern-

This study aims to discern the distinctive attributes of visual texture in architectural materials, and subsequently analyze the cognitive trends in visual perception, distinguished by the target audience. Three distinct categories of texture attributes were extracted from various building materials, followed by a cognitive experiment involving 120 participants, accounting for both their academic majors and genders. The results indicated the vein image, referred to as I-V, a cognitive inclination emerged towards eliciting sensations of lightness, flexibility, naturalness, stability, universality, and comfort. Conversely, the grain image, referred to as I-G, exhibited a visual effect imbued with three-dimensionality and an uneven surface, conveyed through the texture of the grains. When examining the vertical and horizontal pattern, referred to as I-P1, participants perceived a sense of stability and orderliness, while the diagonal pattern, referred to as I-P2, was characterized by a dynamic and free-flowing essence. In terms of the cognitive attributes pertinent to distinct subject groups, a notable difference in cognitive perception was detected predominantly in the I-V category, more prominently attributed to variations in design majors rather than gender differences. This distinction was particularly pronounced in the context of physical properties. For the I-G category, discernible cognitive biases were noticeable primarily within the male design-major cohort, with minimal variations observed in other groups. Similarly, cognitive biases were evident in the male design-major subset for I-P1, primarily within the realm of physical characteristics. In contrast, for I-P2, significant differences in cognitive attributes arose based on design-major status, where cognitive variations of physical properties exceeded those related to material expressive properties.