Fucosterol protects cobalt chloride induced inflammation by the inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor through PI3K/Akt pathway

Fucosterol is a phytosterol commonly extracted from algae. It has been proved that fucosterol possesses antioxidant activity that is capable of scavenging the free radicals causing skin damages. In this study, we investigated the protective mechanisms of fucosterol on cobalt chloride (CoCl₂) induced hypoxia damages to keratinocytes (HaCaT). We found that fucosterol inhibited CoCl₂ induced cytotoxicity and inflammation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, fucosterol attenuated CoCl₂ induced excess expression of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in HaCaT cells. In addition, fucosterol surpressed the phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt and accumulation of HIF1-α simulated by CoCl₂. Taken together, these results suggested that fucosterol executed its protective effects against CoCl₂ induced cytotoxicity and inflammation by the inhibition of hypoxia inducible factor through PI3K/Akt pathway.