Ginseng saponin metabolite suppresses phorbol ester-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression through inhibition of activator protein-1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in human astroglioma cells

Soo Hyun Jung, Moon Sook Woo, So Young Kim, Won Ki Kim, Jin Won Hyun, Eun Jin Kim, Dong Hyun Kim, Hee Sun Kim

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Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science