Mobility management for cellular-connected UAVs: A learning-based approach

The pervasiveness of the wireless cellular network can be a key enabler for the deployment of autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in beyond visual line of sight scenarios without human control. However, traditional cellular networks are optimized for ground user equipment (GUE) such as smartphones which makes providing connectivity to flying UAVs very challenging. Moreover, ensuring better connectivity to a moving cellular-connected UAV is notoriously difficult due to the complex air-to-ground path loss model. In this paper, a novel mechanism is proposed to ensure robust wireless connectivity and mobility support for cellular-connected UAVs by tuning the downtilt (DT) angles of all the ground base stations (GBSs). By leveraging tools from reinforcement learning (RL), DT angles are dynamically adjusted by using a model-free RL algorithm. The goal is to provide efficient mobility support in the sky by maximizing the received signal quality at the UAV while also maintaining good throughput performance of the ground users. Simulation results show that the proposed RL-based mobility management (MM) technique can reduce the number of handovers while maintaining the performance goals, compared to the baseline MM scheme in which the network always keeps the DT angle fixed.