Noninvasive estimation of raised intracranial pressure using ocular ultrasonography in liver transplant recipients with acute liver failure - A report of two cases

Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is an important issue for liver transplant recipients, since increased ICP is associated with advanced hepatic encephalopathy or graft reperfusion during liver transplantation. Invasive monitoring of ICP is known as a gold standard method, but it can provoke bleeding and infection; thus, its use is a controversial issue. Studies have shown that optic nerve sheath diameter > 5 mm by ocular ultrasonography is useful for evaluating ICP > 20 mmHg noninvasively in many clinical settings. In this case report, we present experiences of using ocular ultrasound as a diagnostic tool that could detect changes in ICP noninvasively during liver transplantation.