Porphyrin-based interface engineering for enhanced perovskite solar cells and application in powering electrochromic devices

In this work, we report a strategy for enhancing the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by incorporating a rationally designed free‐base porphyrin derivative into the antisolvent during perovskite film formation. The porphyrin derivative functions as an interfacial modifier effectively passivating surface defects, improving film crystallinity of the perovskite layer. These synergistic effects significantly reduce nonradiative recombination, facilitate charge extraction, resulting in a marked increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.95 % while enabling the PSCs device to retain 93.9 % of its initial PCE after 1440 h under ambient conditions. Our approach builds on recent advances in interfacial engineering by harnessing the multifunctional properties of free-base porphyrin compounds and further extends this methodology by integrating porphyrin-based additives directly into the antisolvent. This in situ incorporation ensures uniform deposition at the critical interface and offers a versatile pathway toward fabricating high-performance, durable PSCs. In addition, we demonstrate the integration of these PSCs with electrochromic devices (ECDs) to enable dynamic modulation of optical properties. The hybrid system exhibits a transparency change rate of 38.57 % between forward and reverse connections, highlighting its promise for multifunctional applications such as smart windows.