Recent Advanced Development of Artificial Interphase Engineering for Stable Sodium Metal Anodes

A solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on a sodium (Na) metal anode strongly affects the Na deposition morphology and the cycle life of Na metal batteries (SMBs). SMB applications are hindered by an unstable SEI and dendrite growth on the Na anode surface, which directly cause low coulombic efficiency and can even lead to safety issues. An artificial interface layer can stabilize Na metal anodes, be easily tailored, and is barely affected by electrochemical processes. In this review, recent advances that support the stability of working Na metal anodes are focused via artificial interphase engineering of inorganic materials, organic materials, and organic–inorganic composite materials, with an emphasis on the significance of interface engineering in SMBs. Fundamental investigations of artificial interphase engineering are also discussed on Na metal anodes and some recent research is summarized to enhance the interface between Na metal and electrolytes using an artificial interface layer. The prospects for interphase chemistry for Na metal anodes are provided to open a way to safe, high-energy, next-generation SMBs.